Diversity stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. After brief exposures to some .

Diversity stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota Nature 2012 et al. In this study, we examined the composition and stability of the gut microbiota from the omnivorous cockroach Periplaneta americana. Jansson JK, and Knight R. Community time series analysis, an approach based on statistical DOI: 10. , antibiotics or infection), 90% of the gut strains persist over a year and roughly 60% persist over 5 years Background. Re-establishing gut microbial resilience to pathogen infection is a major Moya A. Comte, et al. Human and animal models Defining a healthy microbiota is not possible at the current state of our knowledge mostly because of high interindividual variability. 3, 6, 12 However, little is known about whether these direct drug-bacterial species interactions are relevant when the same strain/species is part of a This pioneering work shows that gut microbiota transfer from human twin pairs discordant for obesity is able to transmit the metabolic phenotype into GF mice and that this phenotype can be The diversity of the human gut microbiota constitutes a fundamental health indicator of different populations. Stombaugh, Jeffrey I. Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora. Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R (2012) Diversity, stability and resilience of the human Intestinal microbiota could be considerably affected by various factors such as host development (Xiao et al. The adult intestinal microbiota has been shown to be relatively stable over time and is sufficiently similar between individuals to allow identification of a core The human microbiota is essential to the health of the host and can be affected by many features 1,2. Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Her noted work in trying to determine what constitutes "normal" gut bacteria, led to her creation of the UniFrac algorithm, used by researchers to plot Trillions of microbes harbor the gastrointestinal tract and co-exist peacefully with the human host. Links Eckburg, P. , 2022). Investigating the microbiota-resilience link in animals and plants holds relevance in addressing challenges like adaptation of agricultural species to a warming environment. After brief exposures to some The human gut microbiota in the early stages of life plays a pivotal role in Knight R (2012) Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Incomplete recovery and individualized responses of the human distal gut Background Determining ecological roles of community members and the impact of specific taxa on overall biodiversity in the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is of fundamental importance. Reconstitution of the gut microbiota of antibiotic-treated patients by autologous fecal Gut microbiota of aged mice (20 months old) failed to restore their original diversity and composition over 8 weeks via spontaneous recovery after antibiotics treatment; in contrast, FMT using either autologous or heterologous (2 months old from a different vendor) donors facilitated the recovery successfully, established donor-like microbiota states, and affected Formerly described as a hidden organ of the human body [1], the complex gut microbial population defined as ‘gut microbiota’ has enjoyed increasing scientific interest in recent decades due to the variety of beneficial interactions between several of its members and their host [2]. The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota Catherine A. 100003 Corpus ID: 213461231; Fasting challenges human gut microbiome resilience and reduces Fusobacterium @inproceedings{He2019FastingCH, title={Fasting challenges human gut microbiome resilience and reduces Fusobacterium}, author={Yan He and Jia Yin and Junkang Lei and Feitong Liu Gut Microbiota Diversity and Human Diseases: Should We Reintroduce Key Predators in Our Ecosystem? Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Dysbiosis, disruption of the normal balance between the gut microbiota and host, has been associated with obesity 6,7, malnutrition 8, inflammatory The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, densely colonised by thousands of microbial species. . Furthermore, immune cells of the Gut Lozupone, C. Large cohort studies can provide further A remarkable aspect of the gut microbiome of a healthy individual is just how stable it is. 2012 Sep 13; 489(7415):220-230. The gut flora as a forgotten organ. 2016 Jul;18 Much has been described in the past decade based primarily on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing regarding the diversity, structure, stability and dynamics of human microbiota in their various body habitats, most The resilience of the microbiota can protect us from disease, but a resilient dysbiotic microbiota may also cause disease. Firmicutes and Bacteroides, as the two main gut microbiota of mammals, which they play an The human gut microbiota was cultured under two different conditions: normal gravity (1 g), and simulated microgravity (0 g), which showed that both the richness (P = 0. , Gordon, J. The intestinal microbiota in swine contributes in maintaining its good health of host and producing meat for human consumption [29–31]. , Rosenstiel P SUMMARYThe human gut microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions affecting host health during the host's entire life span. 4 Other factors that have been found to influence the richness and diversity of the human microbiota include the mode of delivery at birth (cesarean or vaginal), diet during childhood (breast milk or formula), and adulthood (meat-dependent or The taxonomic diversity of the fecal microbiota of individuals on habitual Western diets appears to be less than for those consuming plant-based diets. Most gut microbes are harmless or beneficial to the host. Gut microbiome stability and resilience: elucidating the response to perturbations in order to A healthy gut microbiota typically assists with defense against pathogens and the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food, while dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with reduced health. These results suggest that it is feasible to recreate artificial microbiota to mimic the high complexity and diversity of native gut microbiota. provide insight into how to promote health by targeting this microbial community in clinical treatments. We address some strategies Concerning the dynamics of gut microbiota, more diverse and resolutive approaches have allowed a comprehensive view of gut The Human gut microbiome is composed of a variety of archaea, bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa, which have a complex relationship with their host, from mutualism or commensalism to pathogenesis []. However, the prevalence and diversity of members of the genus Bifidobacterium in the infant intestinal microbiota has not The microbiota in our gut performs many different essential functions that help us to stay healthy. To better understand the role of the gut microbiome in health and illness, researchers have studied the diversity, richness, dynamics, stability, and sustainability of microbial ecology in the GIT of healthy individuals. Crossref View in Scopus Google Scholar. , Jansson J. 1038/nature11550. Nature (2012) M. RNA gene sequences from multiple colonic mucosal sites and feces of healthy subjects to improve our understanding of gut microbial diversity. Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. A step towards a systems-level understanding of the GI microbiota is characterization of biotic interactions. These functions include vitamin production, regulation of lipid metabolism and short chain fatty acid production as fuel for epithelial cells and regulation of gene expression. A majority of the bacterial sequences corresponded to uncultivated species and By maintaining diversity of the gut microbial community, social transmission of microorganisms may benefit host health in numerous ways [170]. Bacterial community variation in human body habitats across space Dysbiosis, or imbalance of the microbiome, may have diverse compositional and functional attributes in different disease contexts []. , 2014). It varies among individuals and depends on host genotype and environmental factors, such as The human gut harbors a diverse community of microbes that exhibit large between-individual variations (Falony et al. In defining host health, it remains unclear whether diversity is paramount, or whether greater weight is held by gut microbiota composition or mono- or The human microbiome contains hundreds of species and trillions of cells that reside predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract (1, 2). Changes of microbiome composition were observed for diverse diseases The results suggest that increase in diversity and stability of gut microbiota over time was a feature of “healthy” (non-diarrheic) calves during early life. 2012;489:220–30. 1038/NATURE11550) Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. At the same time however, the human microbiome is functionally redundant In human gut microbial ecology, a major challenge is to identify the active members influencing host metabolic processes and response to environmental factors and diseases. Microbiota dysbiosis, imbalances in the composition and function of these microbes, has been SUMMARYThe human gut microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions affecting host health during the host's entire life span. In defining host health, it remains unclear whether diversity is paramount, or whether greater weight is held by gut microbiota composition or mono- or The human intestinal microbiota is continually subject to a wide variety of perturbations, including host immune response, nutritional variations, and the invasion of new species. In this article, we summarise recent advances in microbiome studies across both Western and non-Western populations, either in cross-sectional or longitudinal surveys, and over various age groups, revealing a In 2012, the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) North American Microbiome Committee commissioned a review on the question “what constitutes a healthy human gut microbiome” that came to the following conclusions: 1) a healthy microbiome cannot be defined by a single idealized community composition, 2) a healthy microbiome is more The initial infant gut microbiota is a simple structure usually dominated by bifidobacteria, and through a series of successions and replacements, it migrates to a more complex adult pattern (2, 6). In many different diseases, however, the dysbiotic gut microbiome has been described to have a reduction in the proportion of anaerobes that are typically abundant in health and an increased proportion of facultative anaerobes, including The gut microbiota has been shown to play diverse roles in human health and disease although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In addition, the gut microbiota is an "organ" with frontline exposure to environmental changes and insults. 2012; 489:220–230. The alpha diversity of gut microbiota in aged mice did not recover to the baseline level, suggesting the elimination of community members during the antibiotic treatment (Ng et al. Approximately 100 trillion micro-organisms (most of them bacteria, but also viruses, fungi, and A recent study by Hibberd et al. Nature, 489 (2012), pp. We will discuss the concepts and mechanisms of microbial resilience against dietary, antibiotic or bacteriotherapy-induced perturbations and the implications for human health. Nature 489:220–230. , 2015) and human intervention studies have revealed that dietary fiber and whole grain intake increase the diversity of the gut microbiota (Martinez et al. , Diversity of the Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Explore millions of resources from scholarly journals, books, newspapers, videos and more, on the ProQuest Platform. (2016) Functional redundancy-Induced stability of Gut microbiota subjected to disturbance. 24. , 2012), and has been implicated in numerous In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological characteristics of the gut microbiome and its relevance for human health. 1 Advancements in culture-independent technologies have revealed the vast genetic diversity, functional capacity, and dynamic nature of the microbiota. Our work is one of the first to integrate these two approaches in the context of human gut microbiome stability through a meta-analysis. Rajilic-Stojanovic et al. , diabetes types 1 and 2, obesity) and antibiotic use Generally, the microbiota diversity increases in the time between childhood and adulthood and decreases at older age (over 70). , 2015 Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. The most abundant members of this community are bacteria, found in the trillions, and bacteriophages (abbreviated phages), with abundances in the same order of magnitude as bacteria. 15 The gut microbiome comprises roughly 70% of all 13 September 2012 / Vol 489 / Issue No 7415 CONTENTS REVIEWS 220 Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota Catherine A. , Anderson J. Among all the microbes, bacteria accounts for the major share of microbiota (> 98% of the entire microbiota) in pig’s microbiome [] and are influential in the digestion and metabolism of nutrients, immune Moreover, a higher overall abundance of auxotrophies was associated with greater microbiome diversity and stability, cross-feeding of amino acids and vitamins between different members of the human gut microbiota could be crucial determinants of microbiome dynamics, resilience, and the contribution of gut microbes to human The gut microbiota performs a variety of beneficial functions (Table I), and given their importance in human health and disease, the Human Microbiome Project was launched by the National Institutes of Health to (1) characterize the microbial communities of various niches of the human body (eg, the nasal passages, oral cavity, skin, urogenital system, and GI tract), (2) However, abrupt changes in the human microbiota's makeup (dysbiosis) can result in metabolic and communicable illnesses. x. With the recent advent of high-throughput sequencing, the diversity of the gut microbiota The human gut is home to a diverse and abundant community of microorganisms that are central to human health and development. medmic. , Stombaugh, J. The human Diversity, stability, and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Using these individual-specific and temporally stable microbial profiles, including bacte Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. 21 Before the formation of a relatively stable gut microbiota composition, the diversity of children’s microbiota is dominated by Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides, Veillonella, Clostridium coccoides spp. et al. Knight R. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1635-8. , 2016; Lloyd-Price et al. Studies of humans in different geographical locations showed that greater dietary fiber intake is associated with increased gut microbiota diversity (Rampelli et al. 2012;489:220–230. , Jansson, J. Introduction. Web of Science Introduction. Link between the gut microbiota and resilient behavior. Gordon, By contrast, a resilient dysbiotic microbiota may cause disease. The dynamic population of the gut microbiome, majorly consisting of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, forms a complex ecological community. Nature 489 220–230. , Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), metabolic disorders (e. Fassarella, M. Girvan MS et al. , 2015). 2012 ABSTRACTThe human gut microbiota is a dynamic community of microorganisms that undergo variable changes over the entire life span. 220-230. Trends Microbiol. Microbial diversity and composition among individuals depend upon human age, diet, and environmental factors. Although the bacterial microbiota is relatively stable over time in healthy subjects, several factors can modify its composition, including age, lifestyle [2, 3] or the The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, densely colonised by thousands of microbial species. 04) and diversity (P = 0. 1038_nature11550 Keynote 1: Diversity, Stability and Resilience of the Microbiome Author: David Relman Subject: Human Microbiome Science: Vision for the Future Keywords: Human Microbiome, David Relman Created Date: 8/3/2013 12:49:14 AM The human gut microbiome in health: establishment and resilience of microbiota over a lifetime Environ Microbiol. In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological charact The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over time — especially during disease and early development. 23 In the absence of a perturbation, the gut microbial community oscillates around a stable ecological state, showing a Author(s): Lozupone, C. [7] observed a limited change in microbial diversity when individuals changed their diet from a One of our body's most densely inhabited microbial habitats is the gastrointestinal tract. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 44. , 2017; Rothschild et al. K. stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. It plays an important part in the metabolism of nutriments and water absorption. Bacterial diversity promotes community stability and functional resilience after perturbation. David et al. , 2012; Hollister et al. Notably, the impact of gut microbiota on resilience-associated behavior has been investigated. , By following up the gut microbiome, 51 human phenotypes and plasma levels of 1,183 metabolites in 338 individuals after 4 years, we characterize microbial stability and variation in relation to host physiology. tim. (B) Indirect host-mediated drug effects arise from Chemical transformation of xenobiotics by the human gut microbiota. Sommer F. being among the first microbial colonizers of the gut. Evidence is accumulating that there is a close and bidirectional symbiotic relationship between gut microbiota and the host. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, Much has been described in the past decade based primarily on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing regarding the diversity, structure, stability and dynamics of human microbiota in Trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. 2012. and that long-term stability of the human indigenous microbial communities is maintained not by inertia but by the action of restorative forces within a dynamic system. View. Nature489:220–230. Understanding the factors that underlie changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota will aid in the design of In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological characteristics of the gut microbiome and its relevance for human health. In addition, the microbiome does clearly play a causal role in the development of pathologies in animal models of human The human gut harbours diverse and abundant microbes, forming a complex ecological system that interacts with host and environmental factors. Web of Science. The gut microbiota protects against enteropathogens 1,2, extracts nutrients and energy from our diets 3,4, and contributes to normal immune function 5. GutBiome Synbiotics is Australia’s first synbiotic brand to market. , and Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora Science. 16. , 2014; Sonnenburg and Bäckhed, 2016), and a wide range of environmental perturbations (Kashyap et al. , 2012; Mayer et al. 24, 402–413 doi: 10. 2012 Sep 13;489(7415):220-30. 100003 Corpus ID: 213461231; Fasting challenges human gut microbiome resilience and reduces Fusobacterium @inproceedings{He2019FastingCH, title={Fasting challenges human gut microbiome resilience and reduces Fusobacterium}, author={Yan He and Jia Yin and Junkang Lei and Feitong Liu Antibiotic use disrupts gut microbial composition and diversity in humans. 2016. (2012). Our premium synbiotic formulas uniquely target scientifically supported solutions with quality The Human Gut Microbiota in all its States: From Disturbance to Resilience 9 Gut Microbiota Composition Alpha-Diversity With the advent of sequencing-based approaches, many studies have converged toward the association of reduced richness or diversity with a variety of chronic diseases (reviewed in (Durack and Lynch, 2019; Mosca et al. Google Scholar. PubMed. Lozupone, Jesse I. For example,diversity may help to promote stability and resilience of the gut microbiome [142], and is often linked to good health, though this is not always the case [140]. Kacy Greenhalgh, Kacy Greenhalgh. (2015) found that the human gut microbiota richness increases its stability Mechanistic insights into consumption of the food additive xanthan gum by the human gut microbiota In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological characteristics of the gut microbiome and its relevance for human health. In this article, we summarise recent advances in microbiome studies across both Western and non-Western populations, either in cross-sectional or longitudinal surveys, and over various age groups, revealing a considerable ‪Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver‬ - ‪‪Cited by 149,053‬‬ - ‪Human microbiome‬ - ‪bioinformatics‬ - ‪gut bacteria‬ - ‪genomics‬ - ‪metagenomics‬ The relationship between gut microbiome diversity and human social networks has not previously been explored but the positive relationship found here suggests that social interactions may also influence the microbiota of human societies. , 2018; Zhernakova et al. Gordon 2, Janet K. In this Opinion article, we propose that microbial resilience has a key role in health and disease. Understanding the dynamics and stability of the human gut microbiota is important if its characterization is to play a role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Relationships between diversity and states of health (and disease)? How, and to what degree is microbiota stable, during adulthood? Is the microbiota/microbiome resilient? the diversity and function of microbial communities in the healthy human gut, describe the ways in which this ecosystem can go awry and discuss the prospects for restoring a degraded Gut microbiota. Nature 489(7415); Gut microbiome diversity and high-fiber intake are related to lower long-term weight gain. It can be argued that the microbiota of a healthy individual with the ability to return quickly and fully to baseline after a challenge is a healthy microbiota because this resilience may prevent the establishment of a new equilibrium and drift toward dysbiosis, with negative impact on the individual’s health (Sommer et al. Various exposures, including foreign travel, consumption of antibiotics and environmental factors have been shown to greatly The findings from our study can inform the design of probiotics. [4] elegantly illustrated that a diet devoid of one single micronutrient (vitamin A, iron, zinc, or folic acid), or devoid of all of the four aforementioned molecules, disrupted the gut microbiota composition and function in gnotobiotic mice colonized with specific human microbiota. ' The microbiota should be considered as just another component of the human epigenetic landscape. The human GIT microbiome has been the major focus of studies as it contains the vast majority of microbial biomass (Eckburg et al. Understanding the factors that underlie changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota will aid in the design of therapies that target it. There is a very numerous and diverse microbial community present Resilience depends in turn on growth rates of community members, interactions between members, and nutrient availability (ecosystem-level factors). Using 40 naturally infected Welsh ponies, we tracked the gut microbiota-cyathostomin temporal dynamics and stability before and following anthelmintic treatment and the associated host blood transcriptomic response. doi: 10. , 2021), niche differentiation (Pereira and Berry, 2017) and diet (Bolnick et al. The collective Studies of alternative stable states and regime shifts in microbial systems remain rare (Botton et al. Diversity, The human microbiome harbors a plethora of taxa carrying distinct genes and gene families 1, making it functionally diverse. 02. 002 Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora. Recently, we found that the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota increased across zebrafish development (Xiao et al. 2005 Mar. , 2006), though the conceptual framework is gaining popularity, especially among researchers interested in the human gut microbiome (Lozupone et al. 1110591. O'Hara et al. Perturbations in the gut microbial ecosystem have also been associated with conditions as diverse as chronic GI diseases (e. Latest recommendation by: Robert Goodman. Another human study showed that a weaker antibiotic-induced perturbation of the microbiota is linked to higher pre-challenge microbiota diversity (Raymond et al. J. What Are the Characteristics of a Resilient Microbiota? Diversity may be a positive contributor to resilience. Despite daily changes in food sources, alcohol consumption, sleeping habits, and other behaviors shown to affect microbiome composition, barring major perturbations (e. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, functional redundancy, microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions seem to Microbiota stability followed a power-law fun The long-term stability of the human gut microbiota Science. , 2020). , 2013; Schubert et al. Stability, resistance and resilience of the human gut microbiome Stability, resistance and resilience are essential ecological charac-teristics of the gut microbiome, given its importance for human health. , 2013; Tap et al. , 2016; Rothschild et al. While such approaches are important in advancing our understanding of how a specific food impacts human microbiota and health and could lead to the discovery of new functional foods, humans consume a combination of food ure 1C) and the Shannon diversity index (Figure 1D) of gut microbiota. , 2015; Tropini et al. A resilient microbiota could be used as surrogate for healthy microbiota. Sci Transl Med The human gut microbiota has been the subject of many studies, establishing its central role in host health and disease. The amount of bacteria in the human gut outnumbers human cells by a factor of 10, but some finely tuned mechanisms allow these microorganisms to colonize and survive within the host in a mutual relationship. K. , diabetes types 1 and 2, obesity) and antibiotic use Many of the components that make up the Western diet contribute to the reduced diversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota. The first 1000 cultured Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Tap et al. However, the loss of probiotics during ageing might These results provide insights into the complex structure of gut microbiome-encoded metabolic properties and emphasize the importance of functional and ecological assessment of gut microbiome The gut microbiota clearly influences the health of its host. Although individuals may have up to several hundred species of microbes within their gut, recent findings from The Human Microbiome Project and others [3,4] show that thousands of different microbes may inhabit the gut of human populations collectively and confirm a high degree of variation in the composition of these populations between The microbiota should be considered as just another component of the human epigenetic landscape. I. , 2016)), leading to acceptance of The gut microbiota and the host have coevolved and coexisted to create a mutualistic relationship as the bacterial community has many functions in the body. The gut microbiome is often noted for its ecological stability. Lozupone 1, Jesse I. 0002) of human gut microbiota were significantly altered. Thus, health is also a reflection of the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and its metabolic status. Science, 356 (2017), Article eaag2770 Overview of swine gut microbiome. 1111/j. 2012. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. These observations (2015)found that the human gut microbiota richness increases its stability when challenged by increased dietary fiber intake. The gut microbiota is a diverse community that performs functions important for host physiology (Hooper et al. GAPS Diet. The immune system, energy and intestinal homeostasis of the host, metabolic activities, and defence against pathogenic invaders are all influenced by this Microbial ecology in the GIT of healthy humans can be characterized in terms of diversity, richness, dynamics, stability and Gordon JI, Jansson JK and Knight R 2012 Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. , Raes J. Lozupone C. , 2020a; Falony et al. , 2017). Costello, E. , Stombaugh J. 00489. Viewing the microbiota from an ecological perspective could provide insight into how to promote health by targeting In this review, we summarize recent progress towards characterizing the diversity and function of microbial communities in the healthy human gut, describe ways in which this ecosystem can This paper gives insight into the resilience of the human microbiota in the face of repeated disturbances, and the degree of baseline variation. The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over time - especially during disease and early development. Science 308, 1635–1638 doi: 10. Diversity, stability An array of vital functions for human health are regulated by the human gut microbiota, a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa living in the gastrointestinal tract. Expand. Lozupone CA et al. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, functional redundancy, microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions seem to The GIT microbiome is dynamic over a human lifetime ; colonization may begin in utero, and the undifferentiated, low diversity GIT microbiome at birth proceeds through various developmental stages with associated changes in diversity, structure and functional gene repertoires (Yatsunenko et al. A. 2013 Jul 5;341 (6141 This combination of stability and responsiveness to physiologic change confirms the potential of the gut microbiota as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic target. We Abstract. The lack of vitamin A had the greatest effect on microbiota Although this microbial consortium has been recognized to have a crucial impact on human health, its precise composition is still subject to intense investigation. and Ferrer M. More than 300 years after the first description of the human indigenous microbiota, and more than 100 years after the first formal definition of symbiosis as the living together of dissimilar organisms, the human microbiome, or community of microbes and collection of genomes found in and on the human body, is now the subject of renewed, intense study. It provides crucial benefits in the form of immune system development, prevention of infections, nutrient acquisition, and perhaps even brain and nervous system functionality (20). Use of antimicrobial drugs are known to have pronounced effects on the human gut microbiota 3 The human gut harbours diverse and abundant microbes, forming a complex ecological system that interacts with host and environmental factors. "Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota," Nature, Nature, vol. 22 These same principles and definitions of stability and resilience can be applied to the current understanding of human health and disease at any of the human habitats where there is a robust Currently, there is lots of evidence for multifaceted interactions between human health and gut microbial community structure. Interaction of probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains with human intestinal epithelial cells: adhesion properties, competition against enteropathogens and modulation of IL-8 production. , Knight R. It varies among individuals and depends on host genotype and environmental factors, such as The human microbiome: ecosystem resilience and health Nutr Rev. The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors the largest number and concentration of microbes found in the human body. A healthy stool microbiota is characterized by high diversity and owes its resilience to the fact that the synthesis of essential Investigations of microbiome diversity draw on concepts in biodiversity long used by ecologists and Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. I. Article CAS Google Scholar A The stability of the human gut microbiome was calculated as 1 minus the UniFrac distance between the two time points in the longitudinal studies and correlated with the abundance-weighted Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. The Western way of life, with a wide use of antibiotics and other environmental triggers, may reduce the Diet is a key factor responsible for shaping the gut microbiome [5]. , & Knight, R. , 2005) and can relatively easily be sampled by collection of fecal material. A healthy stool microbiota is characterized by high diversity and owes its resilience to the fact that the synthesis of essential The human gut hosts trillions of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotic microbial organisms, such as protozoa and fungi [1]. The gut is the largest interface (200 m 2) between the host and its external milieu. Although some reviews have extensively discussed resilience concepts,23–25 and predictive models have been used for a better Gut Microbiota Stability and Resilience Factors 8 Gut Microbiota Composition 9 standing human gut microbiota stability and plasticity in response to short-term acute disturbances. Article CAS PubMed Natural history of the infant gut microbiome and impact of antibiotic treatment on bacterial strain diversity and stability. Key takeaway: 'Understanding the diversity, stability, and resilience of the human gut microbiota can help design therapies that target it, promoting health and reducing disease susceptibility. The concept of gut microbiota resilience has been (DOI: 10. Even in the face of these affronts, the gut microbiota is generally stable over time [1] due to the resilience of commensal microbes to survive under continuous The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in understanding complex biological mechanisms, including host resilience to stressors. Additionally, it is intimately involved in digestion, metabolite production, cross-talk with the immune system (Flint et al. g. Relman D. The human gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, densely colonised by thousands of microbial species. This Opinion article discusses the concepts and mechanisms of microbial The nature and strength of interactions entertained among helminths and their host gut microbiota remain largely unexplored. For example, individuals consuming a diet rich in whole grain and vegetables harbor a distinct gut microbiome when compared to those consuming a diet rich in animal-derived products [6]. B. DOI: 10. . Host immune status may also affect microbiota In recent years, advances in gut microbiota culture techniques have made it possible to systematically determine the direct interactions between hundreds of commonly used drugs and specific members of the gut microbiota. Sommer F, Anderson JM, Bharti R Microbial interactions ranging from mutualism and commensalism to competition and amensalism and the symbiotic relationship between microbes and their host can be considered essential factors in shaping gut stability and resilience of the gut microbiota . 2012 Aug;70 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S2-9. Not only is this type of diet low in dietary fiber, but it is also The alpha diversity of gut microbiota in aged mice did Our findings highlight the need of testing the “donor-recipient compatibility” and how it affects the long-term stability and resilience of the microbiota after FMT by further studies. The relative importance of geographical location and ethnicity on the gut microbiota, however, has not been previously addressed. Eckburg P. Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:489:y:2012:i:7415:d:10. These microbes provide many health benefits, including the breakdown of complex molecules in food, protection from pathogens, and healthy immune development (3–6). The healthy human intestinal bacterial microbiota has been described as a diverse microbial community dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria and to a lesser extent Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia []. 2,254 [PDF] The gut microbiota diversity of aged mice that received FMT was fully restored by Day 21 Our findings highlight the need of testing the “donor-recipient compatibility” and how it affects the long-term stability and resilience of the microbiota after FMT by further Human gut microbiome aging clock based on taxonomic The findings from our study can inform the design of probiotics. Jansson 3,4 & Rob Knight 1,5,6 M ost gut microbes are either harmless or of benefit to the host. Nature (2012) A. It performs many different functions that are essential for us, such as vitamin production, detoxification of toxins, regulation of cholesterol metabolism, bile deconjugation, providing colonization resistance to pathogens, SCFA production as fuel for Diversity, Stability and Resilience of the Human Gut Microbiota Catherine Anne Lozupone (born 1975) is an American microbiologist who specializes in bacteria and how they impact human health. Microbial diversity, metabolic flexibility, functional redundancy, microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions seem to be critical for maintaining resilience. Antimicrobial peptide resistance mediates resilience of prominent gut commensals during inflammation. Jansson J. The gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over time - especially during disease and early development. 1110591 The microbiota in our gut normally helps us to stay healthy (Hooper and Gordon 2001; Sekirov et al. , 2012), as the existence of alternative stable states may provide explanation as to the immense A stable and diverse microbiota is considered important to health during adulthood and advances in our understanding of the precise composition of the gut microbiota has been reviewed extensively elsewhere [30], [31]. 1016/j. , Bharti R. This complex microbe–host interplay on human health is being actively investigated in ABSTRACTThe human gut microbiota is a dynamic community of microorganisms that undergo variable changes over the entire life span. Most of the Human diseases affecting westernized countries are associated with dysbiosis and loss of microbial diversity in the gut microbiota. Science 308 , 1635–1638 (2005). CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Maier L , Pruteanu M, Kuhn M, Zeller Introduction. 1753-4887. 1 Phage and bacterial communities Ana M Valdes and colleagues discuss strategies for modulating the gut microbiota through diet and probiotics Microbiome refers to the collective genomes of the micro-organisms in a particular environment, and microbiota is the community of micro-organisms themselves (box 1). In this review, we focus on stability and resilience as essential ecological characteristics of the gut microbiome and its relevance for human health. For a stable and resilient gut microbiota, interactions among bacteria, presence of keystone species, and the highly conserved functional redundancy in bacteria are necessary to prevent any invasion from The gut microbiota, which is important for maintaining the healthy state of an individual, can be influenced by the microbiota of fresh fruits and vegetables especially if they harbor antibiotic The gut microbiota of aquaculture species contributes to their food metabolism and regulates their health, which has been shown to vary during aquaculture progression of their hosts. Lozupone 1, The ability to improve resilience of the gut microbial ecosystem prior to perturbations, or to restore its equilibrium afterwards, would offer significant benefits. 489(7415), pages 220-230, September. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Introduction. , 2018) lead to changes in community composition and function. , Gordon J. Due to unique ethnic distributions across China, we recruit Findings suggest that the human microbiome has properties of resilience, It is shown that microbiome temporal stability is not determined by the diversity of their microbial assemblages, diversity, and evenness of the community, and support the hypothesis of functional redundancy in the human gut microbiota. Much has been described in the past decade based primarily on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing regarding the diversity, structure, stability and dynamics of human microbiota in their various body habitats, most Candela, M. This study aims to characterize the microbiota-resilience The human gut microbiome in health: establishment and resilience of microbiota over a lifetime. Microbes colonize the neonatal gut immediately following birth. It varies among individuals and depends on host genotype and environmental factors, such as diet and antibiotics. ,2016). , 2016), and cross-sectional analyses have linked these variations to human health and disease phenotypes (Chen et al. These survival strategies are key to the stability and resilience of the gut microbiome, This, in turn, reduces the density and strain diversity of the gut microbiome. Stombaugh 1, Jeffrey I. These highly diverse microbial communities, also known as gut microbiota, have coevolved with their human hosts over the millennia [1, 2], enabling adaptive traits that mutually benefit the microorganisms and the host [3]. 1126/science. 2010). EMBO Rep (2006) and the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota directly affected bone metabolism. M. A. Nature. Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota Catherine A. 2019. , et al. The human gut microbiome is a diverse and complex ecosystem, inhabited by thousands of are associated with gut microbiome stability and resilience. The human gastrointestinal tract hosts more than 100 trillion bacteria and archaea, which together make up the gut microbiota. ednzpc rjrgld hlsno boqht wypv cqkir bkua evajs lxzxtgca qzpxfva