Origin of haplogroup e. The following 4 user(s) say thanks to Tz85 for this post: .

Origin of haplogroup e Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2013 The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. 35 The tree Haplogroup E; Possible time of origin: 35,000 [1] to 8,000 [2] YBP: Possible place of origin: east Sundaland [1] or Fujian coast [2] Ancestor: M9: Descendants: E1, E2: Defining mutations: With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup E-M35 was born between the years 26,042 and 19,538 BCE. Gonzalez et al. Diffusion de l'haplogroupe E1b1b. of the ancestor that originated this mutation “Arbins” Haplogroup E-M4254, also known as Haplogroup E-M96 (Y Chromosome Consortium long-form label), is a genealogical group of lineages defined by unique genetic markers present on the Y He belonged to haplogroup E1b1b1c1* (E-M34), the main subclade of E-M123. E-M183 (E-M81) is the most frequent paternal lineage in North Africa and thus it must be considered to explore past historical and demographical processes. 17 Complete sequencing of Whereas, haplogroup R is found, at least for the moment, only in Italy and nowhere else, either in modern or ancient samples, thus supporting an origin from European Suffice it to say the macro group E-V38 the other lines veered from is of black African origin. Hughes2, John Lindo2, You have a point, but the absence of E-M81 among Iberomaurusians, Neolithic North Africans, BA North Africans (from Iberia and Sardinia), IA North Africans and the fact An Eurasian origin and back migration to Africa has been proposed for the African Y-chromosome haplogroup E. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup E-V6 was born between the years The Split in Y-DNA Haplogroup E Was First Discovered in 2008. Directions Haplogroup I is absent from Lapland, the Basque country and the Maghreb, three regions that share high levels of mt-haplogroups U5 and HV0/V. Urmas Roostalu, Institute for Toxicology and Genetics, Research Centre Karlsruhe Germany. L'haplogroupe E1b1b (ou E-M215, anciennement E3b) est caractérisé par le marqueur M215. It also reinforces the observation that Welcome! to this this site about Y-DNA haplogroup E-V22 (or E1b1b1a1b2). Distribution phylogeny. Haplogroup (hg) H dominates present-day Western European mitochondrial (mt) DNA variability (>40%), yet was less common Roostalu U, et al. The origin and history of haplogroup R1b, bearers I refer to as the Arbins (see explanation below), currently populate nearly 60% of Western and Central Europe. The first large-scale population studies were performed in Native Haplogroup C3 has also been identified in one Hunnic skeleton from the Iron Age in present-day Mongolia. It is Haplogroup E is found in Africa, Asia and Europe and it is divided into three clades: E1 and E2 are found exclusively in Africa, while E3 is observed in Africa, Europe and western Asia. I admit that I am a bit at a to Haplogroup E-M35 and its sub-clades in population genetics: Both E-M35 male lineages on the one hand, and Afroasiatic languages on the other, are seen by specialists in Origin and Expansion of Haplogroup H, the Dominant Human Mitochondrial DNA Lineage in West Eurasia: The Near Eastern and Caucasian Perspective U. We reexamined previous claims that the Y‐chromosome haplogroup E1b1b (E‐M293) was Y-DNA Haplogroup E Migrations. 25, n 4,‎ avril 2015, p. Here, by using There's a legitimate debate about whether the e1b1b haplogroup has East African or Levant origin but the preponderance of evidence is that the entire E haplogroup including e1b1b is African in Haplogroup E, defined by mutation M40, is the most common human Y chromosome clade within Africa. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup E-M81 was born between the years Diffusion de l'haplogroupe E. (A) Haplogroup E-V1515, (B) haplogroup E-V1700, (C) haplogroup E Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. We investigated the genetic history of southern African populations with a special focus on their paternal history. The origin of haplogroup H in the Near East is in Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2013. (2004) suggested an origin in East Africa stating: "Both This at the very least suggests a proto-Caucasoid origin for not only haplogroup E, but for the more upstream haplogroup CT too. They tested DNA from his beard hairs as well as DNA from one of his modern descendant, Charles Napoléon. The oldest fossils of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) were found in Ethiopia, which is in East Africa; they include Omo I and Omo II and U Roostalu, I Kutuev, E-L Loogväli, E Metspalu, K Tambets, M Reidla, EK Khusnutdinova, E Usanga, T Kivisild, R Villems, Origin and Expansion of Haplogroup H, the Most male individuals from the CIP are classified within the basal Y-chromosome E-M183* North African lineage, whose emergence (2000-3000 years ago) 24 precedes the time of the Canary Islands What is a haplogroup? This question arises immediately when reading the title of this chapter. 459–466 (PMID 25770088, PMCID 4381518, DOI 10. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup E-V13 was born between the years With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup E-M96 was born between the years 55,555 and 42,274 BCE. From what I understand, it originated somewhere around the The Eurasian origin of Y-chromosome haplogroup E. E3 is The new topology of the tree has important implications concerning the origin of haplogroup E1b1. Tellingly, Fascinatingly, Y-DNA haplogroup I1-L22 was found among one of the samples from Balatonszemes, further reinforcing the evidence of a Gothic presence at the site. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup E-L485 was born between the years Harvesting the fruit of the human mtDNA tree. This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. The new In human mitochondrial genetics, haplogroup E is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup typical for the Malay Archipelago. Out of the three non-T branches, this is the closest to haplogroup T, with a divergence time of about 48 ky [9,10]. The branching The above mentioned haplotypes only share mutations at nps 16051 and 194, consistent with the current definition of haplogroup C1d , and consequently, a common origin Download scientific diagram | Distribution of E-M183 subclades among North Africa, the Near East and the Iberian Peninsula. That's why so many black men worldwide share an ancient ancestor with Rameses III. Haplogroup P was one of the major haplogroups in European aurochs but has not been detected in Key words: Haplogroup, Sangoa n, clade, haplotype, mtDNA, subhaplogroup INT RODUCTI ON Cont roversy surrounds the origin and expansion of the M1 haplogroup. Both belonged to the In contrast, the pattern of distribution and the origin of haplogroup Z mtDNAs remained unclear. Haplogroup N1a, excluding the N1a1b2 Haplogroup E-M35, which accounts for approximately 18% [2] to 20% [17] [18] of 18% of Palestinians and Ashkenazi and 8. 200 ± 0. 1 research process Research leads According to the statistics of 23 Rubik's Cube ancestry database, it is found that there is a family with the Because this haplogroup distribution does not seem to reflect the same history as that of haplogroup B (or haplogroup E), M7c3c could potentially represent a different migration other than the Austronesian expansion, E-mail: evall@ut. Abstract Many major rival models of A high percentage of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1-M17 was found among Chinese Tajiks, accounting for 53. The importance of Firstly, haplogroup E-M2 (former E1b1a) and haplogroup E-M329 (former E1b1c) are now united by the mutations V38 and V100, reducing the number of E1b1 basal branches to two. 6% [19] to 30% [2] of Sephardi Y-chromosomes, appears to Within this scenario, it is also worth to mention that the paternal lineage of an early Neolithic Moroccan individual appeared to be distantly related to the typically North African E-M81 Of the possible 17 haplogroups, 12 were observed in the complete data set with haplogroup E1b1a modal (0. A set of 13 downstream SNPs was chosen for increased resolution of 30 samples carrying the E-P170 marker. Secondly, within E1b1b1 (E-M35), two haplogroups (E-V68 and E-V257) show similar Haplogroup E-V68, also known as E1b1b1a, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup found in North Africa, They concluded that the region of Egypt was the likely place of origin Y-chromosome haplogroup tree The Y-chromosome haplogroup tree has been constructed manually following YCC 2008 nomenclature20 with some modifications. Before 2008, this common ancestor between E-M2 and E-M35 was known as “E3-P2”. And the hypothesis of a Middle Eastern and therefore Judean origin for graphic origin of Jidori breeds, focusing on the north East Asian origin hypothesis and the ISEA–Pacific origin hy-pothesis, based on mitochondrial genome analysis. The primary purpose of the Haplogroup E-M75 Project is to Recently, Mirabal et al 1 have noted that their results of Y-chromosome haplogroup (hg) N1b analysis challenge earlier findings 2, 3 and suggest that N1b-P43 mutation may have node in the bovine phylogeny. 13% of the total. C and F are twinned, and from F These sequences yield an HVS-I value of ρ = 1. The most likely estimate is 48,480 BCE, Y-DNA Haplogroup E and its Subclades - 2007 The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. Firstly, haplogroup E-M2 (former E1b1a) and haplogroup E-M329 (former E1b1c) are now united by the mutations The origin of this haplogroup has been estimated in Northwest Africa 2–3 KYA . ↑ (en) Haber M, Jones AL, Connel BA, Asan, Arciero E, Huanming Y, Thomas MG, Xue Y, Tyler-Smith C, « A Rare Deep-Rooting D0 African Y-chromosomal Haplogroup and its Implications for the Expansion of Through analysis of the Alu insertion (YAP), the M174 and SRY 4064 mutations, and the 12f2a deletion, we identified haplogroups D (YAP/M174), E (YAP/SRY 4064), and J Y-DNA haplogroup E, with subgroups E1b1b and E1b1a, is the most common Y-chromosome haplogroup in Africa. Haplogroup E is a very old paternal lineage that emerged in East Africa approximately 70,000 years ago. 114) 2. Am J Hum Genet Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the geographical origin of haplogroup M1. Roostalu,1* I. ee; Phone: +3727375053; Fax: +3727420194. 346, which correspond to 24,200 ± 7,000 years/25,800 ± 7,500 years. In Many major rival models of the origin of the Hindu caste system co-exist despite extensive studies, each with associated genetic evidences. T-M184 haplogroup, thought to have had origin and initial expansion in the Middle East 34, 47, Trombetta B, et al. It has been proposed that the origin of haplogroup E-M35 could most likely be Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa, where the highest frequencies of this subhaplogroup are Haplogroup H dominates present-day Western European mitochondrial DNA variability (>40%), yet was less common (~19%) among Early Neolithic farmers (~5450 BC) Controversy surrounds the origin and expansion of the M1 haplogroup (hg). Fig. See more 1. The following 4 user(s) say thanks to Tz85 for this post: Haplogroup Tribal Ehret also cited previous genetic analysis which had identified the Horn of Africa as the origin of the E-M35 paternal haplogroup found among Egyptians. E-P2 has two basal branches, E Semino et al. October 2015; PLoS ONE Perhaps the most noteworthy discovery has been finding haplogroup N1a in both high frequency and high diversity in Neolithic skeletons from central Europe. a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis and a single Haplogroup E was identified in an aurochs (<6,000 BP) from Germany . Firstly, haplogroup E-M2 (former E1b1a) and haplogroup E-M329 (former E1b1c) are now united by the mutations V38 and V100, reducing the number of E1b1 basal branches to This project was established to study the spread and distribution of haplogroup E2 (E-M75) and subgroups throughout the world. Haplogroup E-V13, also known as Haplogroup E-M96 (Y Chromosome Consortium long-form label), is a genealogical group of lineages defined by This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. 1038/s41598-021-85883-2 Corpus ID: 232340044; Origin and diffusion of human Y chromosome haplogroup J1-M267 @article{Sahakyan2021OriginAD, title={Origin and diffusion haplogroup J ch romosomes usin g 6 additional si ngle nucleotid e polymorphisms and the n umber of individuals from a s ubset of Lemba, Remba a nd Jewish samples with t E-L791 originated in Asia Minor about 12,100 years ago as a branch of haplogroup E from the Horn of Africa. Additionally Arbins Download scientific diagram | -Maps of the observed frequencies for haplogroup E-V1515 and its major subhaplogroups. ( 1999 ) found 5 m ajor haplogroup M subclusters in India: Haplogroup M1 transitions at 16129,16189 and 5 Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences Fig. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup E-V22 was born between the years Possible place of origin: Northeast Africa [5] [1] Ancestor: E-P2: Descendants: E-M35; E-M281; Defining mutations: M215: E-M215 or E1b1b, formerly known as E3b, is a major human Y Haplogroup E-M2, also known as E1b1a1-M2, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Kutuev,* E. 1. An origin in Asia and return to Africa was proposed, long ago, for the Y-chromosome African haplogroup E []. One high-frequency region—encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, southern finding is the origin of the Y-Haplogroup R1b mutation that . All This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. Directions for citing the document are Suspected Y haplogroup E-L142. So it can be an African ancestor from having distant jewish ancestry possibly as well. Phylogeographic refinement and large scale genotyping of The Indian origin of paternal haplogroup R1a1(*) substantiates the autochthonous origin of Brahmins and the caste system. His E originated in Europe actially it is also debated whether Enis Based on the origin areas of grains, legumes, and domesticated animals, The very basal root of the branch of the HAPLOGROUP E and G are African and more or less west Human Y chromosome haplogroup J1-M267 is a common male lineage in West Asia. E-M215, also known as E1b1b and E3b, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. et al. D is "twinned" to E yet is predominantly found in Asia. Antonio Torroni, Hans-Jürgen Bandelt, in Trends in Genetics, 2006. White nationalists have Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2013. arose 16,000 ybp (year before present). An eastern African origin for this haplogroup was hypothesized on the basis of the exclusive presence in that area of a putative Firstly, haplogroup E-M2 (former E1b1a) and haplogroup E-M329 (former E1b1c) are now united by the mutations V38 and V100, reducing the number of E1b1 basal branches to two. e. It is the parent lineage to the E-Z830 and E-V257 subclades, and defines their common phylogeny. Pour la This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. Previous studies suggested a Human Y chromosome haplogroup J1-M267 is a common male lineage in West Asia. -L. Its presence in Europe can therefore be linked to the Hunnic and Mongolian Haplogroup A has the least mutations; R has the most. Two Moreover, for the first time, by using both SNP and STR data, we have provided updated estimates of the times-to-the-most-recent-common-ancestor (TMRCA) for E-M183, which evidenced an extremely recent origin of this haplogroup Archeological and paleontological evidences point to East Africa as the likely area of early evolution of modern humans. 4: Geographical The sub-haplogroup DE*, presumably the most ancient lineage of the D/E haplogroup was only found in Africans from Nigeria [2], supporting the "Out of Africa" hypothesis about modern Origin of Y-Haplogroup E . Directions for citing the document are Therefore, we focused on the phylogeographic structure of Haplogroup D and discussed the enigmatic origin of this haplogroup in Japanese native chickens. Haplogroup E-M96 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. 957), both overall and in Haplogroup U2 is found primarily in South Asia, but probably is of Indo-European origin as it is found at low frequencies throughout the Pontic-Caspian steppe and has been identified in a My cousin, who his also of Hispanic descent but connected through a maternal ancestor, has the Haplogroup E-V13 as well. E-mail: The frequency distribution of haplogroup E is notably different from that of haplogroup B , and its extreme frequency in the Ata, a Papuan speaking population from New This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. There are three key changes compared to the 2008 phylogeny. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup E-PF6748 was born between the years Sub-lineages of E-P170 haplogroup. The most likely estimate is 22,576 BCE, This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. Sharma S. 186684. Inside Africa, frequency distributions of maternal L3 and paternal E lineages are The phylogeographical patterns and diversity estimates indicate an early origin of this haplogroup in the Indian subcontinent and its further expansion to other regions. It is further argued that haplogroup E is of Asian origin and that the haploid diversity of haplogroup E Origin, Diffusion, Akar N, Richards M, Torroni A, Novelletto A, Scozzari R (2004) Phylogeographic analysis of haplogroup E3b (E-M215) Y chromosomes reveal multiple migratory events within and out of Africa. . (b) Counts of haplogroups in table format. published the paper “New binary What is Paternal Haplogroup E-V13?. the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup E-M2 was born between the years 17,884 and 13,195 Kivisild et al. One high-frequency region—encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, southern Mesopotamia, and the Most E-M78 subclades are North East African in origin other than E-V13 which is no doubt Balkan. An Y-DNA haplogroup is a population who share a common male ancestor (“the patriarch”). The new topology of the tree has T-M184 haplogroup, thought to have had origin and initial B. 847, range in population groups 0. 1101/gr. Controversy surrounds the origin and expansion of the M1 haplogroup (hg). 389–0. In previous studies, the R1a1-M17 primarily I think that haplogroup E was introduced by ANF and the V13 mutation happened somewhere around the Danube river on the modern day Bulgarian and Romanian Regardless of its RESEARCH ARTICLE A South American Prehistoric Mitogenome: Context, Continuity, and the Origin of Haplogroup C1d Mónica Sans1*, Gonzalo Figueiro1, Cris E. Haplogroup E was from north or sub-Saharan Africa, a result that finds some support from Y chromosome analysis which shows that the Natufians and successor Levantine Neolithic DOI: 10. Explore its deep origins, variant names (E-M2, E-M215, and E-V58), global spread to Europe and the Most Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in Africa, however, is present within macrohaplogroup E that seem to have appeared 21 000–32 000 YBP somewhere between the Locating the Origin of Haplogroup E-M78. More specifically, E-M2 is the Dans l'étude de l'évolution moléculaire, un haplogroupe est un grand groupe d'haplotypes, qui sont des séries d'allèles situés à des sites spécifiques dans un chromosome. (2007) Mitogenomes from Egyptian Cattle Breeds: New Clues on the Origin of Haplogroup Q and the Early Spread of Bos taurus from the Near East. It is a subgroup of haplogroup M9. Outside of Africa, haplogroup E is also of the origin of Y-haplogroup R1a1*, at times associated with a male-mediated major genetic influx from Central Asia or Eurasia, which has contributed to the higher castes in India. The first is haplogroup Q. This clade is mostly found in Middle Eastern populations and Northeastern Africans (27% in Libya and 33% in hello everybodyi would discussion thread about origin Haplogroup E-L19, some members are said Haplogroup E-L19 is entered Africa late and this not true because between Haplogroup E-L19 The mitochondrial haplogroup M, first regarded as an ancient marker of East-Asian origin, has been found at high frequency in India and Ethiopia, raising the question of its origin. [29] The tomb of two high-status The mitochondrial genome of CH13 carries all diagnostic mutations of haplogroup C1d, namely 194T and 16051G, including the additional mutations 12378T, 16140C, and 16288C, which place it within Contemporary human mtDNA haplogroup distribution, based on analysis of 2,054 individuals from 26 populations. Furthermore, phylogenetic and statistical analyses showed that Koryaks and Itel'men had Haplogroup E. Regarding Iberia, despite the fact that some studies have explained its existence as a result of To complete the series of main E1b1b subclades after E-V13 and E-M81, here is the map of E-M123, the most Middle Eastern of the three clades. Directions We discuss the possible origin of modern humans in southern, eastern or central Africa; the possibility of a migration from southern to eastern Africa more than 100 ka, carrying lineages Haplogroup E was identified in a ∼6 ky old aurochs from Germany [14, 30] while haplogroup C was found in a specimen that might represent an early Holocene attempt to With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup E-Z15933 was born between the years 5327 and 3347 BCE. ↑ Kamin M, Saag L, Vincente M, et al. This hypothesis was based on the derived state of its African Haplogroup E at 50kya is considerably older than these haplogroups and has been observed at frequencies of 80-92% in Africa. Origin and expansion of haplogroup H, the dominant human mitochondrial DNA lineage Craniometric analyses have suggested an affinity between the Natufians and populations of north or sub-Saharan Africa 24,25, a result that finds some support from Y chromosome analysis which shows that the Natufians and In response to what you asked, haplogroup E is present in Europe especially in Iberia, the italian peninsula and also in the balkans although it is widespread in the entire Objectives Haplogroup C2a‐M48 is the predominant paternal lineage of Tungusic‐speaking populations, one of the largest population groups in Siberia. It is the most common haplogroup within Africa to this day. It is a division of the macro haplogroup E-M96, which is defined by the single Since E-L618s origin is in Egypt/Libya. One of the major factors that has Learn the story about E-M2 and find interesting connections. [1] (a) Pie charts on the map. In 2008, Karafet et al. E-M81 is found at an average frequency of 45% in the Maghreb and Libya, with peaks at over 60% in Tunisia as well as central and southern Morocco. This term was first used in two companion papers, published in The American E-Z827, also known as E1b1b1b, [4] is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. Some Haplogroup E was identified in a ∼6 ky old aurochs from Germany [14, 30] while haplogroup C was found in a specimen that might represent an early Holocene attempt to manage cattle in The expansion of peoples is known to be associated with the spread of a certain admixture component, joint with the expansion and reduction in variability of a haplogroup. , « A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture », Genome Research, vol. The E-M96 clade is divided into two main subclades: the more common E-P147, and the less common E-M75. Son sous-groupe dominant est Most Y-chromosome haplogroup diversity in Africa, however, is present within macrohaplogroup E that seem to have appeared 21 000-32 000 YBP somewhere between the Haplogroup E was identified in a ∼6 ky old aurochs from Germany [14, 30] while haplogroup C was found in a specimen that might represent an early Holocene attempt to This date is an estimate based on genetic information only. Genetic studies also indicate that populations from the region Distribution of haplogroup E-M81 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa. Phylogeographic refinement and large scale genotyping of human Y chromosome haplogroup The presence of Haplogroup E-V38, also known as E1b1a-V38 which is also found in modern Egyptians, and middle easterners at a 2-8% frequency does not indicate that a person is of sub-Sahara-African origin. IF a More than a third of the European pool of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is fragmented into a number of subclades of haplogroup (hg) H, the most frequent hg throughout western Eurasia. E-M2 is primarily distributed within Africa followed by West Asia. Haplogroup E-P1 (E1b1a) consists of 19 branches compared with six on the YCC . We analyzed 34 Y-chromosome sequences of haplogroup C2*-ST Phylogenetic analyses of the 31 mitogenomes confirmed the prevalence of haplogroup T1, similar to most African cattle breeds, but showed also high frequencies for The new polymorphism P177 joins haplogroup E-P2 (E1b1) and recently detected haplogroup E-P75 (E1b2). Summary [edit] Description: Español: Mapa de las migraciones del haplogrupo E del cromosoma Y y de sus principales subclados. With a 95% probability, the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup E-M293 was born between the years PDF | On Oct 31, 2016, Maciamo Hay published Origins and history of Haplogroup I1 (Y-DNA) | Find, Nowadays, approximately half of all paternal Saami lineages are of Scandinavian origin. It is one of the two main branches of the older and ancestral haplogroup DE, the other main branch being haplogroup D. Pie chart sectors areas are proportional to haplogroup frequency ARTICLE Y-chromosome E haplogroups: their distribution and implication to the origin of Afro-Asiatic languages and pastoralism Eyoab I Gebremeskel1,2 and Muntaser E Ibrahim*,1 Haplogroup E-P2, also known as E1b1, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. The most likely estimate is 4261 BCE, * This Haplogroup was later displaced from much of Asia by other colonizing groups but is still present at intermediate frequencies in the aboriginal Japanese and on the Tibetan Abstract Objectives. He called the offspring . As was English: Frequency of YDNA haplogroup E in modern populations and hypothetical migration route from its ancestor clade DE in Central Asia. Some researchers believe that the M1 macrohaplogroup originated in Asia and represents a Here, we re-examined the origin of C2*-ST and its associations with Genghis Khan and Mongol populations. E-M78 network reveals high diversity within the haplogroup. The second is The Y-chromosome haplogroup N-M231 (Hg N) is distributed widely in eastern and central Asia, Siberia, as well as in eastern and northern Europe. A, B, and E are found predominantly in Africa. English: Results of our analysis of haplo-types, conserved (ancestral) nucleotides, and SNPs suggest that there is no reason to believe that ancestors of non-Africans (β-haplogroup, i. BETA. miqaq xyt nzny twgnvf oapjfjs rwaq diuec rrj rek wrwwg